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Friday, August 12, 2011


Chapter 3: Colors-“The Light of my Life”



I hope so!

Since flowers’ color indicates different feelings or emotions, why not talk about colors? In my previous blogs, you might have asked of all the things to be tackled about science, why medicinal plants? Why flowers? Well as I have said, I am not that kind who spends time knowing about certain thing I’m not interested at unless I would be obliged to search about it.

And as I have said too, the topics that I have discussed and I will be discussing are things I get interested with. (See how selfish I am) Why? First, it will not be that hard for me to share and search information about that topic because somehow I could relate into it. Second, since I am interested with it, I wanted to widen what I know about it. Finally, I am hoping for you my dear readers to appreciate these things more as I relate them into science and life.


How about me without you?

Anyways, way back into colors. Basically, colors make every thing more attractive and alive. So what is it in colors that made it interesting? What is it’s relation into science? I’ll give you answers but perhaps not as what you have expected.

The qualities of colors are still believed to be a mystery. How are they formed? Why do they exist? Questions I myself can’t answer. All I know is that colors pleasures my eyes but sometimes frightens me.
We can never touch or feel colors we can only see them and that is through the presence of the light. Without light, we can’t see anything especially things’ colors.

Isaac Newton was the one who revealed the relationship between colors and the light. According to him, colors are colorless or only white light because whenever there is bright light, colors are seen. But once the light is gone, color fades too.

Colors are usually based on our own visual perceptions. Have you imagined awakening from bed and see things turned into colorless? I don’t dare wishing it and I know it is impossible to happen. I can imagine how dull it would be to see colorless things for the rest of your life because it seemed to be lifeless.

Chapter 2: Flowers-“Tranquiliy e mia”

                             (Albanian terms for My Tranquility)



My own creation.

Seeing these things even from afar or just in a picture makes me feel so relaxed and happy. It even changes my mood whenever I’m sad or worried into calmness. These are flowers. I really love flowers and how I wish I could go into a place where it is surrounded by different colorful flowers.


There is this saying of Ralph Waldo Emerson which states that “what is life but the angle of vision? A man is measured by the angle at which he looks at objects.” So as for me, I considered flowers as my greatest happiness. At last, I’ll be able to have a compilation of different images of flowers.


Value
Within the last 140 million years, flowering plants have become the dominant vegetation in our planet. Only the ice-covered continent of Antarctica doesn’t have flowers. It is universally appreciated because of their delicate shapes, stunning colors and sweet fragrances that’s why they are often part of ceremonies particularly wedding. Aside from their vibrant beauty, it bears fruit, can be used to create commercial products and for medicine.

All flowers in whatever size and wherever they grow have the same functions which to produce seeds which grow and form a new generation of plants. The loss of flower species as the base of food chain, implies loses for entire ecosystem—Nature Conservancy Organization. We must all value flowers because their loss might because people seek to cure different diseases and the animal pollinators will be threatened.

They play integral role in the movement of the seasons, providing primary-produced sugars for insects and habitat for microorganisms. Animals and humans could not exist without flowers and primary producers which first fix the sunlight into edible forms. They also play vital role in transforming soil substances into organic horizons, layers of mineral-soils that have been transformed into organic matter by the life and death of plants. By their mere existence, where there are temporaries, permanent is maintained.
                      

BUCIT Grounds captured by yours truly.
THE LIFE CYCLE AND VARIATIONS
Each flower has distinctive life cycle. Some of them live for years and even centuries while others only took months. However, they all go through the same stages.

First, they form flower buds. Once it burst, it attracts pollinators where pollination takes place. After that, petals slowly fade; fall away and then seed are produced. As the seeds fall and scatter on the ground, the cycle begins again.
           
We have three variations of flowers namely annual, biennial and perennial. Whenever the plant produces flowers and fruits only a year, it is annual. If it takes two years to produce, it is biennial if it takes three or more years before it production, it is under perennial variation.
           

I captured it from the cover of my notebook.
Did you know that there is this process wherein plants are being refrigerated when they are still quite young? It is the cold treatment/spell if you want to let the plant produce flowers as early as possible. This is so called the vernalization process. Tulips, daffodils and irises are good examples of this process because they are flowers under perennial variation.
           
There are also flowers that vary their blooming period into the amount of light and darkness periods. Strawberry flowers and violets are its example because they bloom only in a short time during day hours and blooms longer during nights.
BLOOMING FLOWERS AND THEIR POLLINATION        
These things might be too familiar already but still, I’d like to share some about it.


Cover of my notebook.
It starts as a small bud which is enclosed in a protective sepal. As it grows, the sepals pushed apart to give way for the sprouting petals. As the flower opens, it exposes the anthers and stigma. Once it is fully opened, it is now ready to be pollinated. And as the fruit and seeds develop, it now fulfills its promise of a new generation. Upon releasing, their seeds arrive at new destinations through different ways be it through the wind or be carried by people.

Different animal pollinators vary through the flowers’ color and odor. Birds mostly prefer those red/yellow flowers with a little odor while bees are more attracted with those flowers that are yellow/blue with sweet fragrance. Unlike the beetles, they prefer white/neutral flowers with unpleasant odor.

SYMBOLISM

Lotus- a cover of my notebook.



Conical petals- a cover of my notebook.

In Japanese culture, they made use of flowers as a medium of prayer to offer to their Lord Buddha. For them, lotus symbolizes wealth, perfection, truth, immortality and everlasting nature. Whenever it is being tattooed, it signifies the struggle that each has to go through in life.


They also have this “flower of twenty days” or a flower with a short blooming period and are peony. It signifies aristocracy and prosperity because the upper class of the society before mostly in favored of peonies. They also give importance to the morning glory which signifies mortality and spreads heavenly beauty almost everywhere.
Chrysanthemum which takes a long period of time in blooming signifies longevity. They are usually used in occasions wherein one could wish for a long life. But the most important for all Japanese customs are the pines for no occasion is complete without it.

           

According to 800flowers.com, roses symbolize everlasting love; lilies for elegance, virginity and purity; daisy for innocence; orange blossoms for marriage and fruitfulness; zinnias for long lasting affection and ivy for fidelity. 


“Though flowers don’t language, they possess an ability to verbalize one’s filled feelings.” That was according to an unknown poet who added that the beauty of flowers is so charming which is so appealing to anyone’s senses. Henceforth, flowers are mostly used to speak out any unspoken human emotions. That’s why, it really matter for us to know the meaning of the flower we are about to use in a particular occasion.


WHY's
Why do people give flowers?


http://www.flickr.com/photos/osiatynska/3803041081/

Usually, people tend to give flowers because of three things namely gratitude, comfort and honor. Whenever people want to give thanks to others, sometimes they make use of flowers. Mostly, it is during mother/father’s day, birthday, teacher’s day, valentines, anniversaries, etc.

Comforting someone can either be through giving of flowers. Since they also symbolize nature which is created by God, they are also considered as God’s language. And whenever honoring someone, the color and type of flowers must be taken into consideration be it for courtship, graduation, recognition, commemoration, etc.

 
Why do bride carry bouquet?  

From the site of wedding bouquet.
In the 15th century, a man named Huffington Post said that people in these times took their baths yearly in May and would preferably get married by June. So, for the brides to mask of the smell of their body, they carry bouquet.

Meanwhile, according to OurMarriage.com, people before are afraid of demons. So consequently, bride carries smelly herbs and spices in their bouquet to get rid of evil spirits.


Right now, carrying bouquet is still being practiced just to follow what has been done traditionally and to add up beauty, fragrance and elegance to the wedding.


Why do bride throw the bouquet during reception?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mfeatherstone/5788082296/sizes/m/in/photostream/
Traditionally from 14th century, wedding guests would team away pieces of the bride’s gown as a sign of good luck. But now, to avoid cause of danger, they made use of the bouquet be thrown.
           
It was also believed that the one who will be able to catch the bouquet will destine to be the next to get married. And that she will be blessed with the ability to bear children since flowers do symbolizes nature. Brides put baby’s breath into it as a sign of ‘wishes that the recipient’s womb will be fruitful.’
           
A bouquet also symbolizes fortune because of the dried herbs and flowers used. The European culture says that the one who catches the bouquet will be blessed of bountiful living. Accordingly, it is being practiced because it is a time-honored tradition which has been the habit in many other cultures.
           
Do you want to know what my favorite flower is? Actually, I like any kind of flower especially when it is white. It is because for me, it signifies sincerity.

You may go to these sites for further information about flowers:

REFERENCES

Thursday, August 4, 2011

KASOY (Anacardium Occidentale L.) 
What do I know about kasoy? Aside from it having a kidney-shaped seed, I know no more. Because I am one of a kind who didn’t bother to know anything about something I’m not interested with unless, I am required to search and discuss about it. Just like what I am doing right now…searching and tackling fruits I don’t even prefer to eat. Just for the sake of knowing their medical usage.

However, kasoy or cashew is a small tree with gloomy trunk; simple, alternate, ovate leaves of 10-20cm long and 7-12 cm wide and has a fruit of a nut, ash colored.  

The decoction of the bark is used for diarrhea, diabetes, syphilitic swellings and ulcerations in the mouth.* The infusion of the leaves and bark is used as astringent to relief toothache, sore gums and dysentery. The juice from the pericarp is diuretic and sudorific. The oil from the nut is used for wart, blisters, corns and ulcers. The tincture of the pericarp is vermifuge.

GUYABANO (Annona muricata L.) 
Guyabano or sour sop is a small tree of 5-7 m in height. Its leaves are oblong having 2-15 cm long, pointed at both ends, smooth and shiny. The pulp is soft, white, fibrous, fleshy, and has a sour taste. But as I have tasted it before, it tastes good. 

Its leaf infusion is used as sudorific, antispasmodic, emetic. The flowers are used as anti-spasmodic; ripe fruit as antiscorbutic; unipe fruit for dysentery. Its seed and green fruit are used as astringent.

CAIMITO (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) 
From cashew, sour sop, sweet sop and now to star apple or caimito. Basically, it is 15 m high with infinite slender branches; leathery, ovate to oblong leaves of 7-13 cm long; purplish-white, small flowers and a rounded, smooth, shiny, purple or light-green skin of fruit in 6-16 cm in diameter.  

Aside from its fibrous and pleasant taste, its bark decoction is good for dysentery; infusion for tonic and refreshing; latex for abscesses;dried latex for drastic anthelmintic; fruit for diabetes and its seed for antidiarrheic.

PANDAN (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) 
Pandan is an ornamental plant of sword-like leaves of 2m and 20 inches long. It doesn’t have flower or even fruit and pure leaves instead. 

The roots in decoction are diuretic and cardiotonic which are used in cases of threatened abortion, aphrodisiac.* Its oil is stimulant, antispasmodic and antiseptic which is used for headache, earache and rheumatism.

“The more you know, the more you realize how little you really know. Every new discoveries, raises more questions than it answer.”—Anonymous


TERMS:
  • Aphrodisiac – an  agent that excites sexual desire 
  • Cataplasms or poultices – soft, semi-liquid, external applications which either alleviate an inflamed area or stimulate a part of the body by supplying healing or medicating substances, usually in the presence of warm moisture.
  • Decoctions – preparations made by boiling herbal materials in water for a period of time. Hard materials such as seeds, roots and bark are usually boiled for 30 minutes at about five percent strength, then the solution strained and cooled prior to administration.
  • Diuretic – tending  to increase urine flow
  • Drastic – harsh or severe
  • Gnarled – knotty
  • Infusions – liquid preparations made by steeping the medicinal herb or part of the plant in boiling water for at least 15 minutes; also known as teas softer materials such as leaves and blossoms are prepared as infusions. Boiling water is poured over the drug in a container covered and left for 15 minutes then strained, flavored with sugar or honey and used immediately.
  • Insecticidal – a preparation for destroying insects
  • Latex – a milky juice produced by various plant cells
  • Pharmaceutical – related in pharmacy
  • Tincture – alcoholic or hydroalcoholic preparations, 100 ml of which contains the activity of 10-20g of the drug.
  • Whorled – having or arranged in coil or spiral

REFERENCES

*      Handbook of Philippine Medicinal Plants Volume 1
     by Ludivina S. de Padua, Gregorio C. Lugod and Juan V. Pancho
*      Webster Dictionaries

Monday, August 1, 2011

Chapter 1: Medicinal Plants-  
                       "  Nature as Cure"
My first topic is about medicinal plants in the Philippines. Why do I choose this topic? Maybe it’s because when I was younger, I dreamed to be a doctor someday. ‘Pero hanggang pangarap lang po yun.’ Because we can’t afford the expenses and besides I’ve realized that I am afraid of blood and dead body. So for now, let me share to you what I have read about medicinal plants.

They are those plants that can be utilized to treat an illness. First and foremost, here are the ways on proper harvesting and storing of medicinal plants.

HARVESTING
Different processes in harvesting and storing medicinal plants are things to give much consideration not just by the pharmaceutical industry but also we as health-concerned humans.
The very first thing to consider is the harvesting period. It is because plants contain lots of chemical compounds that are essential for them to be effective. But then those chemicals changes due to temperature, humidity, light and the way of handling it upon harvesting.
Take note that each plant parts have different ways of harvesting.  When the active principle of the plant is found in the seed, the fruit is allowed to ripen fully before harvesting. And if it is in the whole fruit, they may be harvested even before reaching the maturity period.* The underground plant parts are mostly collected just before the stage of flowering.* It was also suggested that it is best to harvest the plants in warm, dry weather for them to have the best medicinal effect.


STORING
In terms of storing, it is very important to dry-up the plant be it for storage or extraction. It is because moist is an ingredient in the growth of molds and other microorganisms that can cause to destroy the affectivity of the drug plant. Mind you, extreme high temperature must be avoided too because it can also affect the chemical compounds of the plants that contributes to its effectiveness. 
The moisture content should be only less than 10%. And lastly, dried plant drugs must be kept in plastic bags inside air-tight jars and be placed in a cool, dry place away from light.

Dosage
Proper dosage must be considered too. It has been stated that it is safe to boil a ten-gram leaf in four cups of water. But then again, plants don’t have the same dosages. That’s why, we must be observant in terms of their cautions and moderations.

Not just plant, medicine too!
There are lots of medicinal plants in the Philippines like ampalaya, guava, papaya, santol, cocaine, akapulko, ipil-ipil, acasia, banaba, lagundi, dilaw (ginger) and oregano. But the most popular (I think) is the sambong or what we call us here “lakad-bulan”. Why lakad-bulan? I just don’t know.

Anyways, here are some not so popular fruits but are also considered medicine.
ATIS (Annona squamoza L.)
Captured from Pioduran
Atis or the sweet sop is also a small tree in 3-5 m high. It has hairy, oblong leaves in 8-15 cm long and has a short petiole. The fruit is large and heart shaped usually 6-9 cm long.
      
    The poultice from its fresh leaves is used for dyspepsia and upon mixing with oil, can be used for scalp diseases. Atis crushed leaves can be applied to the nose of fainting person. Its unripe fruit and seeds have vermicidal and insecticidal properties which are useds astringent for diarrhea and dysentery. Decoction of the roots is a drastic purgative.